Informal peacemaking and mediation are characterized on the continuum as having personal control by disputants, whereas arbitration and litigation have personal control by the disputants.

high; low.

Explanation:

A conflict can be defined as any form of disagreement that arises between two or more parties due to opposing views, opinions, or incompatibility.

CALM is a 4-step process for addressing and defusing conflict.

These four step process for conflict resolution or defusing conflicts includes;

I. Clarify (C): this involves finding out more information about what caused the conflict.

II. Ask (A): you should ask the opposing party about the issues while being polite.

III. Listen (L): listen attentively to get more information.

IV. Move forward (M): do not dwell on the past issue after they have been resolved.

Mediation can be defined as an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) approach which involves an impartial and neutral third party who is saddled with the responsibility of proposing a solution to conflict between two or more parties.

Basically, a mediator is a professional trained in conflict or dispute resolution through the use of effective negotiation techniques and communication strategies. Thus, a neutral third party such as a mediator or negotiator from outside an organization or group, who will hear a conflict case via a nonbinding process should be availed the opportunity to make peace between two or more disagreeing parties.

Generally, the disputants (disagreeing parties) generally have a low personal control over an arbitration and litigation while during an informal peacemaking and mediation process, there is a high level of personal control by disputants on the continuum.

enlightenment impacted society by introducing the idea that mankind could use reason to discover the laws of the world and the rights of mankind. these ideals affected all factions of society, from politics to religion.