Economies of scale exist whenever: a. average total costs are stationary as output increases. b. average total costs decline as output increases. c. average total costs increase as output increases and average variable costs are stationary as output increases. d. average total costs increase as output increases.

b. average total costs decline as output increases.

Explanation:

Economies of scale refer to the cost advantage when it become reaped by the companies in the case when there is an efficient production

As the cost would be allocated to the larger number of goods. Here cost would be fixed as well as variables one. ALso, in this the size of the organization would matter a lot

So when the output would rise the average total cost would fall

Therefore the option b is correct

multiculturalism is a particular subject of debate in certain european nations that are associated with the idea of a single nation within their country. critics of multiculturalism may argue against cultural integration of different ethnic and cultural groups to the existing laws and values of the country.

so yes, multiculturalism can (and usually does) result in the host country/continent losing its culture, identity and linguistics, especially due to the raw numbers of demographic transitions.

explanation:

answer; yield to maturity;