A good example of backward vertical integration is a: A. global public accounting firm acquiring a small local or regional public accounting firm. B. hospital opening up a nursing home for the aged. C. large supermarket chain getting into convenience food stores. D. railroad company acquiring a trucking company specializing in long-haul freight. E. crude oil refinery purchasing a firm engaged in drilling and exploring for oil.

Paar corporation bought 100 percent of kimmel, inc., on january 1, 2012. on that date, paar’s equipment (10-year life) has a book value of $420,000 but a fair value of $520,000. kimmel has equipment (10-year life) with a book value of $272,000 but a fair value of $400,000. paar uses the equity method to record its investment in kimmel. on december 31, 2014, paar has equipment with a book value of $294,000 but a fair value of $445,200. kimmel has equipment with a book value of $190,400 but a fair value of $357,000. the consolidated balance for the equipment account as of december 31, 2014 is $574,000. what would be the impact on consolidated balance for the equipment account as of december 31, 2014 if the parent had applied the initial value method rather than the equity method? the balance in the consolidated equipment account cannot be determined for the initial value method using the information given. the consolidated equipment account would have a higher reported balance. the consolidated equipment account would have a lower reported balance. no effect: the method the parent uses is for internal reporting purposes only and has no impact on consolidated totals.

4. suppose that pollution in a neighborhood comes from two factories, with marginal benefit curves given by mb1 = 12 – p1 and mb2 = 8 – p2. the level of pollution in the neighborhood is given by p = p1 + p2. the government wants to limit pollution by instituting a pollution-rights market. the government’s desired level of p is 10, so it prints 10 pollution rights and offers them for sale to the firms.a)find the equilibrium selling price of a pollution right, as well as the allocation of rights (and hence pollution levels) across the two factories. b)repeat part (a) for the case where the government’s desired level of pollution equals 14. c)comment on the usefulness of a pollution rights market in achieving efficient levels of pollution abatement.

1) u.s. real gdp is substantially higher today than it was 60 years ago. what does this tell us, and what does it not tell us, about the well-being of u.s. residents? what are the limitations of the gdp as a measure of economic well-being? given the limitations, why is gdp usually regarded as the best single measure of a society’s economic well-being? 2) what is an intermediate good? how does an intermediate good differ from a final good? explain why it is the case that the value of intermediate goods produced and sold during the year is not included directly as part of gdp, but the value of intermediate goods produced and not sold is included directly as part of gdp.