Assume that Louisa carried an average balance of $1,000 from her credit card purchases over the past year. The A. P.R. on her credit card for the past year was 19.9%. Approximately how much interest would Louisa have paid over the course of the year? (Hint: Interest = APR/100 * Balance)

Email viruses are typically launched by people who modify header information to hide their identity. brightmail's enrique salem says that in the future, your email reader will authenticate the sender before putting hte message in your inbox. that way, you will know the source of all the emails you read. alan nugent of novell says, "i'm kind of a fan of eliminating anonymity if that is the price for security." will eliminating anonymity make computers more secure?

One question from a survey was "how many credit cards do you currently have? " the results of the survey are provided. complete parts (a) through (g) below. click the icon to view the survey results. (a) determine the mean number of credit cards based on the raw data. the mean is 3.113.11 credit cards. (type an integer or a decimal. do not round.) (b) determine the standard deviation number of credit cards based on the raw data. the standard deviation is 1.9111.911 credit cards. (round to three decimal places as needed.) (c) determine a probability distribution for the random variable, x, the number of credit cards issued to an individual. x (# of cards) p(x) x (# of cards) p(x) 1 0.280.28 6 nothing 2 nothing 7 nothing 3 nothing 8 nothing 4 nothing 9 nothing 5 nothing 10 nothing (type integers or decimals. do not round.)

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.