Salads 'R' Us requires all its franchisees to sign an agreement that they will use napkins and dressings purchased from Salads 'R' Us. Unless the agreement is signed, no one is awarded a franchise. Salads 'R' Us maintains that the agreement is necessary to preserve uniformity and quality in all franchise outlets. The purchasing requirement is:A) an illegal tying arrangementB) valid as a quality control mechanism for protection of goodwill. C) coercion and is invalid. D) None of the above

Suppose that fixed costs for a firm in the automobile industry (start-up costs of factories, capital equipment, and so on) are $5 billion and that variable costs are equal to $17,000 per finished automobile. because more firms increase competition in the market, the market price falls as more firms enter an automobile market, or specifically, , where n represents the number of firms in a market. assume that the initial size of the u.s. and the european automobile markets are 300 million and 533 million people, respectively.a. calculate the equilibrium number of firms in the u.s. and european automobile markets without trade.b. what is the equilibrium price of automobiles in the united states and europe if the automobile industry is closed to foreign trade? c. now suppose that the united states decides on free trade in automobiles with europe. the trade agreement with the europeans adds 533 million consumers to the automobile market, in addition to the 300 million in the united states. how many automobile firms will there be in the united states and europe combined? what will be the new equilibrium price of automobiles? d. why are prices in the united states different in (c) and (b)? are consumers better off with free trade? in what ways?