Researchers often wish to measure consumers' satisfaction toward certain products and might ask consumers to specify their feelings as either "very dissatisfied", "somewhat dissatisfied", "somewhat satisfied", or "very satisfied". this is an example of what level of data?

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Which of the following is an element of inventory holding costs? a. material handling costs b. investment costs c. housing costs d. pilferage, scrap, and obsolescence e. all of the above are elements of inventory holding costs.

Ronald sees that his employer's stock has grown from $20 a share to $60 a share this year, while most stocks have seen only 5% growth. his employer offers to let him convert a large portion of his salary into stock options. what is not a valid reason to turn down the stock offer? a)stocks with high returns have high volatility, and ronald's company may not grow further. b)ronald may be taxed more for capital gains than he would be for employment income. c)stock options are illiquid, and ronald may not be able to use them to pay for unexpected bills. d)ronald would be committing stock fraud if he exercises the options.