For a perfectly competitive market to function properly, which of the following must buyers and sellers have access to? adequate information economies of scale uncompetitive products sufficient technology 4. which of these industries has not been considered a natural monopoly in the past 30 years? diamonds water phone service electricity 5. what is an oligopoly? a market that has a few firms dominating the market a market that has many firms selling slightly different products a market that has one seller and many buyers a market that has many buyers and sellers 6. for the average total cost curve of a firm without economies of scale, what happens to costs as output increases? costs initially go up and then go down. costs initially go down and then go up. costs go down. costs go up. 7. what is the combination of two or more companies into a single firm called? a trust a merger predatory pricing deregulation 8. offering products of different tastes and shapes is an example of which of the following? nonprice competition perfect competition oligopolistic competition the law of demand 9. the controller of a monopoly sets the price of goods by charging the price at which the profit is maximized only a small amount over cost less than the company would charge if it did not have a monopoly as much as possible, regardless of the amount sold 10. many critics argue that government efforts to regulate industries have caused which of the following? predatory pricing inefficiencies insufficient supply collusion 11. what is an agreement among firms to charge one price for the same good called? nonprice competition price fixing a price war monopolistic competition 12. which of the following is not a method that the government uses to intervene and prevent firms from controlling the price and supply of important goods? breaking up monopolies deregulating industries regulating business practices blocking mergers 13. what are the three practices of oligopolies that concern the government the most? price fixing, collusion, and cartels price leadership, collusion, and cartels differentiation, price leadership, and price fixing collusion, price leadership, and price fixing 14. what are the expenses a firm must pay before it can begin to produce and sell goods called? start-up costs perfect competition commodities imperfect competition 15. compared to a market with perfect competition, a monopoly often has higher prices and more goods lower prices and more goods lower prices and fewer goods higher prices and fewer goods 16. which of the following could not prevent a market from becoming perfectly competitive? high start-up costs excessive information problems accessing necessary technology lack of technological know-how 17. which of the following is characteristic of a competitive market? low output high costs inexhaustible supply efficiency 18. economists usually call an industry an oligopoly if only one product is available on the market the four largest firms produce at least 70–80 percent of the output there is one firm that produces 100 percent of the output the ten largest firms produce less than 50 percent of the output 19. for the average total cost curve of a firm with economies of scale, what happens to costs as output increases? costs initially go down and then go up. costs go up. costs go down. costs initially go up and then go down. 20. what is one of the effects that the internet has had on business? it has decreased the kinds of goods that are available to individual buyers. it has reduced start-up costs for many businesses. it has led to new monopolies in many industries. it has increased the prices of goods that are not bought on the internet.

3. For a perfectly competitive market to function properly, buyers and sellers must have access to adequate information. Adequate information is such information that the purchaser considers important for him. So the purchaser, company or investors should have an opportunity to get the information how it is.

4. Natural monopoly can be explained like the situation where one company can supply market's entire with some unique raw materials or technology. So there can't be more than one company which provides this material or technology. According to this, I think the answer is diamonds.

5. As far as I remember, oligopoly is a market that has a few firms dominating the market. That means there is a small competition as there are small number of buyers and sellers.

6. If my memory serves me well, economies of scale happen when a firms' long run average costs decrease with output. So if there is no economies of scale, I'm pretty sure that costs go up.

7. I think that correct definition looks like this: Combination of two or more companies in a single firm is called a merger. Resources of both companies are pooled together, and the owners of each company remain owners. There are to types of merger entities:
-Horizontal integration - if the merged companies are competitors.
- Vertical integration - if the companies are supplier and customer.

8. I am definitely sure that the answer is: Offering products of different tastes and shapes is an example of non-price competition. That means that the competing companies wouldn't challenge by lowering the prices. Every competitor will focus on highlighting benefits of their product, to show that their product is better than another one.

9. The controller of a monopoly sets the price of goods by charging the price at which the profit is maximized. Monopoly is a firm which has no competition, so they doesn't have to worry about losing their customers. Company can set monopoly price which is pretty much higher than products marginal cost. That allows company to have maximum profit.

10. Many critics argue that government efforts to regulate industries have caused inefficiencies. Inefficiency means that the company can't achieve enough productivity. This caused because of high taxes, bureaucracy and other factors.

11. This agreement is called price-fixing. Companies which have come to this conspiracy can't sell goods below fixed price. There are many way to fix price by setting the price high or low. That leaves customer no choice and makes him to buy product at the fixed price.

12. Deregulating industries is not a method that the government uses to intervene and prevent firms from controlling the price and supply of important goods. Deregulation of industry means that government power in a particular industry is reduced. Deregulation removes barriers to competition.

13. I think, I'd go with this: Price Fixing, Collusion, And Cartels. Oligopolies can arrange those three together and that lets them to charge prices like monopoly. Government stays sharp with oligopolies using this method.

14. I think it's obviously a start-up costs. Every business need money to set it up. But all of them are different and require different types of costs. So it would be appropriate to create a business plan that helps to consider different start-up costs for your business.

15. I'm 100% sure, that the answer is: Compared to a market with perfect competition, a monopoly often has higher prices and fewer goods. Monopoly usually provides unique raw materials and technologies. As I've mentioned before, monopoly has no competition and it lets company to charge high prices for their goods.

16. I think that the lack of technological know-how can't prevent the company being competitive as there's not the most important factor in a particular business.

17. As far as I remember, efficiency is one of the main characteristics of competitive market, which could be achieved with minimum government intervention.

18. According to what I've mentioned above about oligopoly, correct answer should be: Economists usually call an industry an oligopoly if the four largest firms produce at least 70–80 percent of the output.

19. As I've mentioned it in question 6. total cost curve with economies of scale will decrease on the increasing output. But it refers to firms long run average total cost.

20. I'm definitely sure that the answer is: It has reduced start-up costs for many businesses. Because with the Internet, there's no necessary to set up brick and mortar business. You can just build your business online by making a website. This is a huge economy.