Why do most student loans involve a co-signer?
a. most students won’t be able to afford paying for their loans, and leave that responsibility to their co-signers.
b. co-signers were most likely college students themselves and understand what it is like to be a college student.
c. most students aren’t responsible enough to know much about any type of loans, so a co-signer is there to make sure everything is secure.
d. most students are young enough not to have much of a credit score or credit history, so a second party such as a parent or guardian can establish security of payment.

d. Most students are young enough not to have much of a credit score or credit history, so a second party such as a parent or guardian can establish security of payment.

Explanation:

A co-signer is a person that helps a borrower get a loan approved by accepting to pay it if he/she doesn't do it. Financial entities tend to ask for a co-signer when the person requesting the loan doesn't have credit history. So, most student loans involve a co-signer because they don't tend to have a high credit score or a lot of credit history because of their age and the loan is backed up by a person than can guarantee the payment.

it id the first and last option

answer; /// i do believe the correct answer is (possession utility);