In international financial transactions, what are the only two things that individuals and firms can exchange?
a. services and manufactured goods
b. currency and currently produced goods and services
c. currency and real assets
d. preexisting assets and currently produced goods and services

In december of 2004, the company you own entered into a 20-year contract with a grain supplier for daily deliveries of grain to its hot dog bun manufacturing facility. the contract called for "10,000 pounds of grain" to be delivered to the facility at the price of $100,000 per day. until february 2017, the supplier provided processed grain which could easily be used in your manufacturing process. however, no longer wanting to absorb the cost of having the grain processed, the supplier began delivering whole grain. the supplier is arguing that the contract does not specify the type of grain that would be supplied and that it has not breached the contract. your company is arguing that the supplier has an onsite processing plant and processed grain was implicit to the terms of the contract. over the remaining term of the contract, reshipping and having the grain processed would cost your company approximately $10,000,000, opposed to a cost of around $1,000,000 to the supplier. after speaking with in-house counsel, it was estimated that litigation would cost the company several million dollars and last for years. weighing the costs of litigation, along with possible ambiguity in the contract, what are three options you could take to resolve the dispute? which would be the best option for your business and why?

Here are the expected cash flows for three projects: cash flows (dollars) project year: 0 1 2 3 4 a − 6,100 + 1,275 + 1,275 + 3,550 0 b − 2,100 0 + 2,100 + 2,550 + 3,550 c − 6,100 + 1,275 + 1,275 + 3,550 + 5,550 a. what is the payback period on each of the projects? b. if you use a cutoff period of 2 years, which projects would you accept?

Ultravision inc. anticipates sales of $280,000 from january through april. materials will represent 50 percent of sales, and because of level production, material purchases will be equal for each month during the four months of january, february, march, and april. materials are paid for one month after the month purchased. materials purchased in december of last year were $24,000 (half of $48,000 in sales). labor costs for each of the four months are slightly different due to a provision in the labor contract in which bonuses are paid in february and april. the labor figures are: january $14,000 february 17,000 march 14,000 april 19,000 fixed overhead is $10,000 per month. prepare a schedule of cash payments for january through april. (assume the $280,000 of sales occur equally over the four months of january through april, i.e. monthly sales = $280,000 / 4.)