Why are utilities, such as electricity and water, examples of natural monopolies?
a. the cost of production restricts competition in the market.
b. there are limited natural resources to meet demand.
c. consumers only trust known companies to provide these essentials.
there is no need for alternative options.

Acoase solution to a problem of externality ensures that a socially efficient outcome is to

Western electric has 32,000 shares of common stock outstanding at a price per share of $79 and a rate of return of 13.00 percent. the firm has 7,300 shares of 7.80 percent preferred stock outstanding at a price of $95.00 per share. the preferred stock has a par value of $100. the outstanding debt has a total face value of $404,000 and currently sells for 111 percent of face. the yield to maturity on the debt is 8.08 percent. what is the firm's weighted average cost of capital if the tax rate is 39 percent?

Which external factor has enabled addition of special effects in advertisements and tracking of responses of customers over websites?