. A building owner charges net rent of $20 in the first year, $21 in the second year, and $22 in the third year, but is providing six months of free rent in the first year as a concession. Using a 10 percent discount rate, what is the effective rent over the three years

$17.28

Explanation:

6 month free concession in first year drops rent to:

= 20 / 2

= $10

Effective rent = [Present value of Year 1 rent + Present value of Year 2 rent + Present value of Year 3 rent ] / [ 1 - (1 / (1 + rate)^ number of years) / rate]

= [(10 / (1 + 10%) ) + (21 / (1 + 10%)²) + (22 / (1 + 10%)³)] * [1 - (1 / (1 + 10%)³/ 10%)]

= (9.09 + 17.355 + 16.5289) / 2.48685

= $17.28

cognitive overload: having a lot on your mind impairs decision-making and tends to result in the simplest, but not necessarily best, option being selected.

empathy gaps: overlooking how you might feel in a different situation can result in unnecessary purchases, such as overbuying when shopping for food on an empty stomach.

optimism and overconfidence: wearing rose-tinted glasses and having unrealistic expectations about the future can affect money management and leave you unprepared for a change in circumstance.

instant gratification: seeking instant gratification drives impulsive spending and can undermine long-term planning and savings.

harmful habits: automatic or mindless behaviour can amplify a poor financial decision as it becomes a recurring event.

social norms: we are heavily influenced by the actions of others; while this can be in certain circumstances, it also contributes to the pressure to keep up with the joneses through conspicuous consumption.