Ler e Descobrir
Os Três Mundos: Economias de Mercado e Planificada
● Dois tipos de econo...
Ler e Descobrir
Os Três Mundos: Economias de Mercado e Planificada
● Dois tipos de economia moderna: economia de mercado
(capitalista) e economia planificada (socialista).
● A diferença está no papel do Estado na economia e na
sociedade.
Os Dois Principais Tipos de Economia
● Economia de Mercado (Capitalista)
○ Decisões econômicas norteadas pela lei da oferta
e da procura:
- Quando a procura é menor que a oferta, o
preço diminui.
- Quando a procura é maior que a oferta, o
preço aumenta.
○ A maior parte das empresas é privada (pertencem
a um dono, vários sócios ou inúmeros acionistas).
○ A propriedade privada gera concorrência entre as
empresas e preços menores ao consumidor.
○ Determina um Estado com menos controle.
● Economia Planificada (Socialista)
○ O Estado decide onde e quando investir, os
preços, matérias-primas, salários pagos, etc.
○ Os preços não obedecem à lei da oferta e da
procura, pois são determinados pelas autoridades.
○ Os preços são mantidos, mesmo que o produto
falte ou sobre no mercado.
○ Anos 1980: Crise terminal das economias
planificadas. Ex.: URSS.
○ Substituição da economia planificada pela
economia de mercado (Rússia, China, Bulgária,
etc.).
○ Privatizações de empresas estatais, incentivos a
investimentos externos, corrida à economia de
mercado.
Dinâmica Local Interativa
1. Como funciona a lei de oferta e procura? Cite exemplos
Answers: 3
Business, 22.06.2019 05:10
The total value of your portfolio is $10,000: $3,000 of it is invested in stock a and the remainder invested in stock b. stock a has a beta of 0.8; stock b has a beta of 1.2. the risk premium on the market portfolio is 8%; the risk-free rate is 2%. additional information on stocks a and b is provided below. return in each state state probability of state stock a stock b excellent 15% 15% 5% normal 50% 9% 7% poor 35% -15% 10% what are each stock’s expected return and the standard deviation? what are the expected return and the standard deviation of your portfolio? what is the beta of your portfolio? using capm, what is the expected return on the portfolio? given your answer above, would you buy, sell, or hold the portfolio?
Answers: 1
Business, 23.06.2019 03:00
3. saving two consumers, larry and jeff, have utility functions defined over the two periods of their lives: middle age (period zero) and retirement (period 1). they have the same income in period 0 of m dollars and they will not earn income in period 1. the interest rate they face is r. larry’s and jeff’s utility functions are as follow. = 0.5 + 0.5 and = 0.5 + 0.5 for each person is between zero and one and represents each consumer’s temporal discount econ 340: intermediate microeconomics. ben van kammen: purdue university. rate. a. write the budget constraint that applies to both jeff and larry in terms of consumption in each period and ), interest rate, and m. b. what is larry’s and what is jeff’s marginal rate of intertemporal substitution? c. what is the slope of the budget constraint? d. write each consumer’s condition for lifetime utility maximization. e. re-arrange the conditions from part (d) to solve for the ratio, . f. if > which consumer will save more of his middle age income? g. if > 1 1+ , in which period will larry consume more: = 0 or = 1?
Answers: 2
Business, 23.06.2019 07:00
Ricardo conducts a survey to learn where consumers get information for buying used cars. this is an example of
Answers: 1
Business, 23.06.2019 12:30
"richard wants to know how his company handles late lunches but does not want to ask anyone. instead, he watches others take late lunches and observes the manager's reaction. richard is"
Answers: 3
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