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Ler e Descobrir Os Três Mundos: Economias de Mercado e Planificada

● Dois tipos de economia moderna: economia de mercado

(capitalista) e economia planificada (socialista).

● A diferença está no papel do Estado na economia e na

sociedade.

Os Dois Principais Tipos de Economia

● Economia de Mercado (Capitalista)

○ Decisões econômicas norteadas pela lei da oferta

e da procura:

- Quando a procura é menor que a oferta, o

preço diminui.

- Quando a procura é maior que a oferta, o

preço aumenta.

○ A maior parte das empresas é privada (pertencem

a um dono, vários sócios ou inúmeros acionistas).

○ A propriedade privada gera concorrência entre as

empresas e preços menores ao consumidor.

○ Determina um Estado com menos controle.

● Economia Planificada (Socialista)

○ O Estado decide onde e quando investir, os

preços, matérias-primas, salários pagos, etc.

○ Os preços não obedecem à lei da oferta e da

procura, pois são determinados pelas autoridades.

○ Os preços são mantidos, mesmo que o produto

falte ou sobre no mercado.

○ Anos 1980: Crise terminal das economias

planificadas. Ex.: URSS.

○ Substituição da economia planificada pela

economia de mercado (Rússia, China, Bulgária,

etc.).

○ Privatizações de empresas estatais, incentivos a

investimentos externos, corrida à economia de

mercado.

Dinâmica Local Interativa

1. Como funciona a lei de oferta e procura? Cite exemplos​

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Ler e Descobrir Os Três Mundos: Economias de Mercado e Planificada

● Dois tipos de econo...
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