At December 31, 2021, Newman Engineering’s liabilities include the following: $16 million of 10% bonds were issued for $16 million on May 31, 1999. The bonds mature on May 31, 2029, but bondholders have the option of calling (demanding payment on) the bonds on May 31, 2022. However, the option to call is not expected to be exercised, given prevailing market conditions.
$20 million of 9% notes are due on May 31, 2022. A debt covenant requires Newman to maintain current assets at least equal to 181% of its current liabilities. On December 31, 2021, Newman is in violation of this covenant. Newman obtained a waiver from National City Bank until June 2022, having convinced the bank that the company’s normal 2 to 1 ratio of current assets to current liabilities will be reestablished during the first half of 2022.
$13 million of 12% bonds were issued for $13 million on August 1, 1989. The bonds mature on July 31, 2022. Sufficient cash is expected to be available to retire the bonds at maturity.

ANSWER:
Debt Classification $ Millions
1. Current Liability 16
2. Current Liability 20
3. Current Liability 13

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The cost of capital: introduction the cost of capital: introduction companies issue bonds, preferred stock, and common equity to aise capital to invest in capital budgeting projects. capital is』necessary factor of production and like any other factor, it has a cost. this cost is equal to the select the applicable security. the rates of return that investors require on bonds, preferred stocks, and common equity represent the costs of those securities to the firm. companies estimate the required returns on their securities, calculate a weighted average of the costs of their different types of capital, and use this average cost for capital budgeting purposes. required return on rate: when calculating om operations when the firm's primary financial objective is to select shareholder value. to do this, companies invest in projects that earnselect their cost of capital. so, the cost of capital is often referred to as the -select -select and accruals, which a se spontaneously we hted average cost of capital wa c our concern is with capital that must be provided by select- 쑤 interest-bearing debt preferred stock and common equity. capital budgeting projects are undertaken, are not included as part of total invested capital because they do not come directly from investors. which of the following would be included in the caculation of total invested capital? choose the response that is most correct a. notes payable b. taxes payable c retained earnings d. responses a and c would be included in the calculation of total invested capital. e. none of the above would be included in the cakulation of total invested capital.

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