Linda and Richard are married and file a joint return for 2020. During the year, Linda, who works as an accountant for national airline use $2,100 worth of free passes for travel on the airline; Richard used the same amount. Linda and Richard also used $850 worth of employee discount coupons for hotel rooms at the hotel chain that is also owned by the airline. Richard is employed at State University as an accounting clerk. Under a tuition reduction reduction plan, Richard saved $4,000 in tuition fees during 2020. He is studying for a master's degree in business at night while still working full-time. Richard also had $30 worth of personal typing done by his administrative assistant at the University. What is the amount of fringe benefits that should be included in Linda and Richard's gross income on their 2020 tax return?

9. tax types: taxes are classified based on whether they are applied directly to income, called direct taxes, or to some other measurable performance characteristic of the firm, called indirect taxes. identify each of the following as a “direct tax,” an “indirect tax,” or something else: a. corporate income tax paid by a japanese subsidiary on its operating income b. royalties paid to saudi arabia for oil extracted and shipped to world markets c. interest received by a u.s. parent on bank deposits held in london d. interest received by a u.s. parent on a loan to a subsidiary in mexico e. principal repayment received by u.s. parent from belgium on a loan to a wholly owned subsidiary in belgium f. excise tax paid on cigarettes manufactured and sold within the united states g. property taxes paid on the corporate headquarters building in seattle h. a direct contribution to the international committee of the red cross for refugee relief i. deferred income tax, shown as a deduction on the u.s. parent’s consolidated income tax j. withholding taxes withheld by germany on dividends paid to a united kingdom parent corporation