When a firm uses retained profits to invest in more energy efficient equipment, an economist would calculate the of investing in physical capital.

Anewspaper boy is trying to perfect his business in order to maximize the money he can save for a new car. daily paper sales are normally distributed, with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 10. he sells papers for $0.50 and pays $0.30 for them. unsold papers are trashed with no salvage value. how many papers should he order each day and what % of the time will he experience a stockout? are there any drawbacks to the order size proposed and how could the boy address such issues?

Dr. dow jones wants to know whether a problem-based approach to teaching economics will result in higher academic performance than his traditional method. of the six sections of economics 101 at his university, dr. jones randomly assigns three sections to the traditional method and three sections to the problem-based method for unit 1 of the course. then all sections switch the instructional method for unit 2. he plans to compare the performance of the two groups of sections on their unit 1 and unit 2 exams. this study employs a design.

What is a sort of auction for stocks in which traders verbally submit their offers?