Rent controls force landlords to price apartments below the equilibrium price level. An immediate effect is a shortage (excess demand) of apartments because the quantity of apartments demanded is greater than the quantity supplied at the regulated price. When cities prevent landlords from charging market rents, which of the following are common long-run outcomes?
a. Black markets develop.
b. The quality of available rental housing units falls.
c. Landlords earn lower profits renting housing units, but the rent charged has no effect on either the quantity or quality of rental units.
d. Nonprice methods of rationing emerge.

Grant, inc., acquired 30% of south co.’s voting stock for $200,000 on january 2, year 1, and did not elect the fair value option. the price equaled the carrying amount and the fair value of the interest purchased in south’s net assets. grant’s 30% interest in south gave grant the ability to exercise significant influence over south’s operating and financial policies. during year 1, south earned $80,000 and paid dividends of $50,000. south reported earnings of $100,000 for the 6 months ended june 30, year 2, and $200,000 for the year ended december 31, year 2. on july 1, year 2, grant sold half of its stock in south for $150,000 cash. south paid dividends of $60,000 on october 1, year 2. before income taxes, what amount should grant include in its year 1 income statement as a result of the investment?

Connors academy reported inventory in the 2017 year-end balance sheet, using the fifo method, as $154,000. in 2018, the company decided to change its inventory method to lifo. if the company had used the lifo method in 2017, the company estimates that ending inventory would have been in the range $130,000-$135,000. what adjustment would connors make for this change in inventory method?

Coop inc. owns 40% of chicken inc., both coop and chicken are corporations. chicken pays coop a dividend of $10,000 in the current year. chicken also reports financial accounting earnings of $20,000 for that year. assume coop follows the general rule of accounting for investment in chicken. what is the amount and nature of the book-tax difference to coop associated with the dividend distribution (ignoring the dividends received deduction)?