13. What are the limitations of traditionalist account both as descriptive and normative ?

Each of the following scenarios is based on facts in anactual fraud. categorize each scenario as primarily indicating (1) anincentive to commit fraud, (2) an opportunity to commit fraud, or(3) a rationalization for committing fraud. also state your reasoningfor each scenario.a. there was intense pressure to keep the corporation ' stock from declining further. this pressure came from investors, analysts,and the ceo, whose financial well-being was significantly dependent on the corporation ' s stock price.b. a group of top-level management was compensated (mostly in the form of stock-options) well in excess of what would be considered normal for their positions in this industry.c. top management of the company closely guards internal financial information, to the extent that even some employees on a “need-to-know basis” are denied full access.d. managing specific financial ratios is very important to the company, and both management and analysts are keenly observant of variability in key ratios. key ratios for the company changed very little even though the ratios for the overall industry were quite volatile during the time period.e. in an effort to reduce certain accrued expenses to meet budget targets, the cfo directs the general accounting department to reallocate a division’s expenses by a significant amount. the general accounting department refuses to acquiesce to the request, but the journal entry is made trough the corporate office. an accountant in the general accounting department is uncomfortable with the journal entries required to reallocate divisional expenses. he brings his concerns to the cfo, who assures him that everything will be fine and that the entries are necessary. the accountant considers resigning, but he does not have another job lined up and is worried about supporting his family. therefore, he never voices his concerns to either the internal or external auditors.f. accounting records were either nonexistent or in a state of such disorganization that significant effort was required to locate or compile them.

On june 1 of the current year, chad wilson established a business to manage rental property. he completed the following transactions during june: opened a business bank account with a deposit of $28,000 from personal funds. purchased office supplies on account, $2,690. received cash from fees earned for managing rental property, $7,390. paid rent on office and equipment for the month, $3,310. paid creditors on account, $1,230. billed customers for fees earned for managing rental property, $6,130. paid automobile expenses (including rental charges) for the month, $740, and miscellaneous expenses, $370. paid office salaries, $2,330. determined that the cost of supplies on hand was $1,590; therefore, the cost of supplies used was $1,100. withdrew cash for personal use, $2,210. required: 1. indicate the effect of each transaction and the balances after each transaction: for those boxes in which no entry is required, leave the box blank. for those boxes in which you must enter subtractive or negative numbers use a minus sign. (example: -300) answer

Keshawn used to work for an it company in baltimore, but lost his job when his company decided to use workers in new delhi instead. this is an example of: