b. Why are the four primary service outputs of spatial convenience, lot size, waiting time, and product variety important to logistics management? Provide examples of competing firms that differ in the level of each service output provided to customers.

The primary service outputs of the spatial convenience, lot size, waiting time, and product variety) are important to logistics management and these importance are highlighted below:

Spatial convenience provide customers the benefit of shopping with lesser time and efforts as they can easily locate the products and find their product needs at a single place or well organised to find out and identify.

Lot size is important in logistics as larger lot size leads to more costs for storage and transportation and risks associated while smaller lots leads to faster service and delivery and lesser payments compared to bigger lot sizes.

Waiting time is important to logistics as the customers expect faster and efficient service in buying goods with less time for billing and purchasing the products. It improves the quality of service and indicates better management for customer convenience and satisfaction.

Product variety in logistics management helps to provide customers more value for their product and time and greater scope of satisfying their needs through different product options and wide range of products.