Involuntary unemployment occurs when the wage rate is below the equilibrium wage rate. exists when there is an excess quantity of labor supplied. will increase as the wage rate falls. exists when there is a shortage of labor.

exists when there is an excess quantity of labor supplied.

Explanation:

Involuntary unemployment is the situtation in which the labor actually work and also work at the prescribed wage rate in that time when the job is not getting

It could be arise when there is a lacking of the aggregate demand or total demand also when there is a excess of labor supply

so according to the given situation, the second option is correct

c

explanation:

a manufacturer of printed circuit boards uses exponential smoothing with trend to forecast monthly demand of its product. at the end of december, the company wishes to forecast sales for january. the estimate of trend through november has been 200 additional boards sold per month. average sales have been around 1000 units per month. the demand for december was 1100 units. the company uses α = 0.20 and β = 0.10. make a forecast including trend for the month of january.