When using a supply-and-demand model to illustrate how land rents are set, economists typically draw the supply curve as a vertical line because: a. the supply of land is fixed.
b. the supply of land is perfectly inelastic.
c. the quantity supplied of land does not increase when rents go up.
d. All of these are correct.

Which statement about the cost of the options is true? she would save $1,000 by choosing option b. she would save $5,650 by choosing option a. she would save $11,200 by choosing option b. she would save $11,300 by choosing option a.

Pennewell publishing inc. (pp) is a zero growth company. it currently has zero debt and its earnings before interest and taxes (ebit) are $80,000. pp's current cost of equity is 10%, and its tax rate is 40%. the firm has 10,000 shares of common stock outstanding selling at a price per share of $48.00. refer to the data for pennewell publishing inc. (pp). pp is considering changing its capital structure to one with 30% debt and 70% equity, based on market values. the debt would have an interest rate of 8%. the new funds would be used to repurchase stock. it is estimated that the increase in risk resulting from the added leverage would cause the required rate of return on equity to rise to 12%. if this plan were carried out, what would be pp's new value of operations? a. $484,359 b. $521,173 c. $584,653 d. $560,748 e. $487,805

Alpha industries is considering a project with an initial cost of $8 million. the project will produce cash inflows of $1.49 million per year for 8 years. the project has the same risk as the firm. the firm has a pretax cost of debt of 5.61 percent and a cost of equity of 11.27 percent. the debt–equity ratio is .60 and the tax rate is 35 percent. what is the net present value of the project?