Why is complex technology a barrier to competition?

The media specialist suggests a library reading program that will correlate highly with the teaching program and reward the students as they read. the rewards will be provided by the business community. a pencil carrier will be the reward for having read 25 books, a baseball cap the reward for having read 30 books, a tee shirt for 50 books, and a backpack for having read 100 books. the media specialist's suggestion is based on her knowledge that:

Navel county choppers, inc., is experiencing rapid growth. the company expects dividends to grow at 19 percent per year for the next 8 years before leveling off at 5 percent into perpetuity. the required return on the company’s stock is 10 percent. if the dividend per share just paid was $1.52, what is the stock price?

Alandowner entered into a written agreement with a real estate broker whereby the broker would receive a commission of 10% of the sale price if he procured a "ready, willing, and able buyer" for the landowner's property and if the sale actually proceeded through closing. the broker found a buyer who agreed in writing to buy the property from the landowner for $100,000, the landowner's asking price. the buyer put up $6,000 as a down payment. the agreement between the landowner and the buyer contained a liquidated damages clause providing that, if the buyer defaulted by failing to tender the balance due of $94,000 at the closing date, damages would be 10% of the purchase price. the landowner included that clause because she was counting on using the proceeds of the sale for a business venture that would likely net her at least $10,000. the buyer became seriously ill and defaulted. when he recovered, he demanded that the landowner return his $6,000, and the landowner refused. the broker also demanded the $6,000 from the landowner and was refused. the broker and the buyer filed separate suits against the landowner, with the buyer pleading impossibility of performance. the two cases are consolidated into a single case. how should the court rule as to the disposition of the $6,000?