In general, research and development costs for projects other than software development should be: A. None of the answer choices are correct. B. Expensed if unsuccessful; capitalized if successful. C. Expensed in the period they are determined to be unsuccessful. D. Expensed in the period they are determined to be successful. E. Deferred pending determination of success.

Which of the following best explains why large companies have an advantage over smaller companies? a. economies of scale make it possible to offer lower prices. b. the production possibilities frontier is wider for a larger company. c. decreasing marginal utility enables more efficient production. d. increasing the scale of production leads to a reduction in inputs.2b2t

Afirm's before-tax cost of debt, rd, is the interest rate that the firm must pay on debt. because interest is tax deductible, the relevant cost of debt used to calculate a firm's wacc is the cost of debt, rd (1 – t). the cost of debt is used in calculating the wacc because we are interested in maximizing the value of the firm's stock, and the stock price depends on cash flows. it is important to emphasize that the cost of debt is the interest rate on debt, not debt because our primary concern with the cost of capital is its use in capital budgeting decisions. the rate at which the firm has borrowed in the past is because we need to know the cost of capital. for these reasons, the on outstanding debt (which reflects current market conditions) is a better measure of the cost of debt than the . the on the company's -term debt is generally used to calculate the cost of debt because more often than not, the capital is being raised to fund -term projects. quantitative problem: 5 years ago, barton industries issued 25-year noncallable, semiannual bonds with a $1,600 face value and a 8% coupon, semiannual payment ($64 payment every 6 months). the bonds currently sell for $845.87. if the firm's marginal tax rate is 40%, what is the firm's after-tax cost of debt? round your answer to 2 decimal places. do not round intermediate calcu

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