A fund manager knows that she will have a liability of £2 million at the end of one year, £3 million at the end of two years, £5.4 million at the end of three years, and £5.8 million at the end of four years. Suppose that the fund manager wants to invest a sum of money that will satisfy this liability stream. Assuming that any amount that can be invested today can earn an annual interest rate of 7.6\% , how much must be invested today to satisfy this liability stream?

Mbo works by objectives moving through the organization; that is, top managers set general organizational objectives, which are translated into divisional objectives, which are translated into departmental objectives. the hierarchy ends in individual objectives set by each employee. this is an example of mbo working as objectives through the organization.

Suppose that a government that is skeptical of efforts to regulate prices charged by private companies is nevertheless concerned that an electric utility company is taking advantage of consumers with unfair pricing policies. which of the following policy options might most effectively enable the government to achieve its objectives in this situation? do nothing to all. turn the company into a public enterprise. use antitrust laws to increase competition. regulate the firm's pricing behavior.

For example, the upper right cell shows that if expresso advertises and beantown doesn't advertise, expresso will make a profit of $15 million, and beantown will make a profit of $2 million. assume this is a simultaneous game and that expresso and beantown are both profit-maximizing firms. if expresso decides to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if beantown advertises and a profit of $ million if beantown does not advertise. if expresso decides not to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if beantown advertises and a profit of $ million if beantown does not advertise. if beantown advertises, expresso makes a higher profit if it chooses . if beantown doesn't advertise, expresso makes a higher profit if it chooses . suppose that both firms start off not advertising. if the firms act independently, what strategies will they end up choosing? expresso will choose to advertise and beantown will choose not to advertise. expresso will choose not to advertise and beantown will choose to advertise. both firms will choose to advertise. both firms will choose not to advertise.