Firms allocate large budgets to , in an effort to achieve the newest or most innovative product, as well as, or fundamentally :

Firms allocate large budgets to their research and development center, in an effort to achieve the newest or most innovative product, as well as reduce their cost, or fundamentally change customer's experience in using their new products

Explanation:

This could be seen in most big pharmaceutical companies that invest heavily in research and development towards finding the best way to treat some of the existing diseases with new drugs or treatment.

i think the answer to your question is b. directive

being born in poverty would limit the people's chances, opportunities and benefits.

this happen because of several things, such as:

- poor people tend to gain less access to good education and nutrition. this mean that their chance to obtain high paying jobs would also be limited.

- poor people tend to socialize with other poor people while the rich tend to socialize with other rich people. this means that simply throguh their social circle, rich people would have more business opportunities compared to the poor people.

- rich people tend to have more capital in their disposal. this would benefit them in business since it is far easier for them to fund their business operation compared to poor people.