A new machine will cost $25,000. The machine is expectedto last 4 years and have no salvage value. If the interest rate is 12%, determine the return and the risk associated with the purchase. The following projections have been made. Scenario 1 2 3
probability 0.3 0.4 0.3
annual savings $7000 $8500 $9500

Answer with its Explanation:

Requirement 1. Expected Annual Savings and Expected NPV

As we know that:

Expected Value = Probability P1 *  Expected Value E1    +   Probability P2 *  Expected Value E2    +  Probability P3 *  Expected Value E3    +   Probability Pn *  Expected Value En

Here

P1 is 0.3 and E1 is $7000

P2 is 0.4 and E2 is $8500

P3 is 0.3 and E3 is $9500

By putting values, we have

Expected Annual Savings = 0.3 * $7,000   +   0.4 * $8,500    +    0.3 * $9,500 = $8,350

The above amount would be for first four years, hence it must be discounted using the annuity formula to calculate the present value of four annual receipts.

Annuity = [1 - (1 + r)^-n]  / r

By putting values, we have:

Annuity = $8,350 * [1 - (1 + 12%)^-4]  / 12%

And

Expected NPV = ($25,000) + $8,350 *  [1 - (1 + 12%)^-4]  / 12%

= $361.87

Requirement 2. Probable Return Percentage

Return Percentage = NPV / Investment =  $361.87/ $25,000

= 1.45%

Requirement 3. Associated risk

As we know that

Minimum return = Minimum annual savings – Uniform annual costs

Here

Minimum annual savings are $7,000

Uniform Annual Costs were $8,350

By putting values, we have:

Minimum return = $7,000  –  $8,350 = -$1,350 per year

Requirement 4. Risk Amount Percentage

Risk Amount percentage = Minimum Return / Uniform annual costs  * 100

Risk Amount percentage = $1,350 / 8,350   * 100 = 16.17%

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