Suppose that on January 1, the cost of borrowing French francs for the year is 18%. During the year, U. S. inflation is 5%, and French inflation is 9%. At the same time, the exchange rate changes from FF 1 = $0.15 on January 1 to FF 1 = $0.10 on December 31. What was the real U. S. dollar cost of borrowing francs (real interest rate in U. S.) for the year?

-25.08%.

Explanation:

Given that, during the year, the franc devalued by (0.15 - 0.10)/0.15 = 33.33%.

Then, the nominal dollar cost of borrowing French francs, therefore, was 0.18(1 - 0.3333) - 0.3333 = -21.33%.

Thus, for each dollar's worth of francs borrowed on January 1, it cost only $1 - $0.2133 = $0.7867 to repay the principal plus interest.

Also, with U.S. inflation of 5% during the year, the real dollar cost of repaying the principal and interest is $0.7867/1.05 = $0.7492.

Subtracting the original $1 borrowed, it shows that the real dollar cost of repaying the franc loan is -$0.2508 or a real dollar interest rate of -25.08%.

steering wheels are always situated on the left side of the car.

always drive on the right side of the road.

white lines separate lanes of traffic traveling the same direction.

hashed or broken lines means you may change lanes when it is safe.

solid white lines mean stay in your lane.

yellow lines separate traffic moving in opposing directions.

hashed or broken yellow lines mean you can carefully pass, paying attention to oncoming traffic.

never cross a solid yellow line (or double yellow line).

when turning left at an intersection, pass in front of any cars that are turning left from the opposing direction (do not try to pass behind them).

use the left lane to pass other cars traveling your direction.

do not pass in the right lane unless absolutely necessary.

if you are driving in the far left hand lane and someone would like to pass you, move over to the right lane when it is safe to do so and allow them to pass.

you must always yield to pedestrians.

come to a complete stop whenever you see pedestrians trying to cross the street.

never pass a school bus if it has flashing red lights. wait until the lights have stopped.

be aware of bicyclists. often they share the road with cars and are supposed to also follow general traffic laws.

be particularly careful about driving in cities with bike lanes -- always check before turning that a bike is not coming.

it is mandatory to pull over or stop at an intersection to allow an emergency vehicle to pass you if you see one traveling with lights flashing and/or a siren running.

do not overuse your car horn. horns are used almost exclusively for emergency situations or for when you feel unsafe.

explanation:

answer: b) the us is the leading importer but not the leading exporter.

extra info:

the u.s is the largest importer but it is not the largest exporter as china sits on the top of the table when it comes to leading exporters.

but u.s is not far from first,

they rank in 2nd globally as the worlds largest exporter.

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