CAN SOMEONE HELP ME WITH PROXIMATE CAUSE? :(

Social computing forces companies to deal with customers as opposed to

The common stock and debt of northern sludge are valued at $65 million and $35 million, respectively. investors currently require a return of 15.9% on the common stock and a return of 7.8% on the debt. if northern sludge issues an additional $14 million of common stock and uses this money to retire debt, what happens to the expected return on the stock? assume that the change in capital structure does not affect the interest rate on northern’s debt and that there are no taxes.

scenario: hawaii and south carolina are trading partners. hawaii has an absolute advantage in the production of both coffee and tea. the opportunity cost of producing 1 pound of tea in hawaii is 2 pounds of coffee, and the opportunity cost of producing 1 pound of tea in south carolina is 1/3 pound of coffee. which of the following statements is true? a. south carolina should specialize in the production of both tea and coffee. b. hawaii should specialize in the production of tea, whereas south carolina should specialize in the production of coffee. c. hawaii should specialize in the production of coffee, whereas south carolina should specialize in the production of tea. d. hawaii should specialize in the production of both tea and coffee.