Lionel is an unmarried law student at State University Law School, a qualified educational institution. This year Lionel borrowed $28,000 from County Bank and paid interest of $1,680. Lionel used the loan proceeds to pay his law school tuition. Calculate the amounts Lionel can deduct for interest on higher-education loans under the following circumstances: (Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable.)

What could explain why a decrease in taxes could lead to a less-than-proportionate increase in output? a. as a result of diminishing returns to current consumption, consumers may choose to spread the extra spending over the long term rather than consuming the proceeds of a tax cut all at once. b. consumers may choose to save much of the tax cut in anticipation of having to pay higher taxes in the future. c. a decrease in taxes will necessitate lower government outlays, thus largely offsetting the higher consumption expenditures of households. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.