The following summarized data (amounts in millions) are taken from the September 27, 2014, and September 28, 2013, comparative financial statements of Apple Inc., a manufacturer of mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, portable digital music players, and seller of a variety of related software, services, accessories, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and applications:(Amounts Expressed in Millions) For the Fiscal Years Ended September 27 and September 28, respectively: 2014 2013Net sales $108,400 $65,370 Costs of sales 64,580 39,690 Operating income 33,950 18,530 Net income $26,050 $14,160 At Year End: Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $9,580 $10,630 Short-term marketable securities 16,280 14,510 Accounts receivable, less allowancesof $84 and $99, respectively 5,520 5,670 Inventories 930 1,200 Deferred tax assets 2,170 1,780 Vendor nontrade receivables 6,500 4,560 Other current assets 4,680 3,590 Total current assets 45,660 41,940 Long-term marketable securities 85,770 25,540 Property, plant, and equipment, net 7,930 22,670 Goodwill 1,060 890 Acquired intangible assets, net 3,690 490 Other assets 3,710 2,410 Total assets $147,820 $93,940 Liabilities and Shareholdersâ Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $14,780 $12,160 Accrued expenses 9,400 5,870 Deferred revenue 4,250 3,130 Commercial paper 6,548 0 Total current liabilities 34,978 21,160 Deferred revenueânoncurrent 1,840 1,290 Long-term debt 23,452 17,760 Other noncurrent liabilities 10,260 5,680 Total liabilities 70,530 45,890 Shareholdersâ Equity: Common stock and additional paid-in capital, $0.00001 par value, 1,900,000 shares authorized; 929,430 and 916,130 shares issued and outstanding, respectively 13,490 10,810 Retained earnings 63,200 37,320 Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 600 (-80 )Total shareholdersâ equity 77,290 48,050 Total liabilities and shareholdersâ equity $147,820 $ 93,940 At September 29, 2012, total assets were $47,820 and total shareholdersâ equity was $31,800.a. Calculate Apple Inc.âs working capital, current ratio, and acid-test ratio at September 27, 2014, and September 28, 2013. (Round your ratio answers to 1 decimal place. Enter "Working capital" in million of dollars.)b. Calculate Appleâs ROE for the years ended September 27, 2014, and September 28, 2013. (Round your answers to 1 decimal place.)2014 2015roi=c. Calculate Appleâs ROI, showing margin and turnover, for the years ended September 27, 2014, and September 28, 2013. (Round "Turnover" answers to 2 decimal places. Round your percentage answers to 1 decimal place.)2014 2015roi=margin=turnover=

Apple Inc.

a. Calculate Apple Inc.'s working capital, current ratio, and acid-test ratio at September 27, 2014, and September 28, 2013. (Round your ratio answers to 1 decimal place. Enter "Working capital" in million of dollars.)

September 2014:

a) Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities

= $45,660,000 - $34,978,000 = $10,682,000

b) Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities

= $45,660 / $34,978 = 1.3 : 1

c) Acid-Test Ratio = Current Assets - Inventory / Current Liabilities

= $45,660 - 930 / $34,978 = 1.3 : 1

September 2013:

a) Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities

= $41,940,000 - $21,160,000 = $20,780,000

b) Current Ratio  = Current Assets / Current Liabilities

= $41,940 / $21,160 = 2 : 1

c) Acid-Test Ratio Current Assets - Inventory / Current Liabilities

= $41,940 -1,200 / $21,160 = 1.9 : 1

b. Calculate Apple's ROE for the years ended September 27, 2014, and September 28, 2013. (Round your answers to 1 decimal place.)

September 2014

ROE = Net Income/Equity x 100 = $26,050/$77,290 x 100 = 33.7%

September 2013

ROE = Net Income/Equity x 100 = $14,160/$48,050 x 100 = 29.5%

c. Calculate Apple's ROI, showing margin and turnover, for the years ended September 27, 2014, and September 28, 2013. (Round "Turnover" answers to 2 decimal places. Round your percentage answers to 1 decimal place.)

September 2014

ROI = Margin x Turnover = Net Operating Income/Sales x Sales/Average Assets

= ($33,950/$108,400) x ($108,400/$120,880)

= 0.31 x 0.90

= 0.279 = 27.9%

Average Assets = $120,880 ($147,820 + 93,940) /2

September 2013

ROI = margin = turnover = Net Operating Income/Sales x Sales/Average Assets

= ($18,530/$65,370) x ($65,370/$70,880)

= 0.28 x 0.92

= 0.258 = 25.8%

Average Assets = $70,880 ($93,940 + 47,820) /2

Explanation:

For the Fiscal Years Ended September 27 and September 28, respectively:

                                                             2014                2013

Net sales                                           $108,400            $65,370

Costs of sales                                      64,580              39,690

Operating income                               33,950               18,530

Net income                                       $26,050              $14,160

Balance Sheet:

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents                                            $9,580      $10,630

Short-term marketable securities                                   16,280         14,510

Accounts receivable, less allowances of $84 & $99     5,520          5,670

Inventories                                                                           930           1,200

Deferred tax assets                                                          2,170            1,780

Vendor non-trade receivables                                       6,500           4,560

Other current assets                                                      4,680           3,590

Total current assets                                                     45,660          41,940

Long-term marketable securities                               85,770          25,540

Property, plant, and equipment, net                            7,930          22,670

Goodwill                                                                         1,060               890

Acquired intangible assets, net                                   3,690               490

Other assets                                                                  3,710              2,410

Total assets                                                             $147,820        $93,940

Liabilities and Shareholders Equity

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable                                                     $14,780          $12,160

Accrued expenses                                                      9,400             5,870

Deferred revenue                                                       4,250              3,130

Commercial paper                                                      6,548             0

Total current liabilities                                              34,978             21,160

Deferred revenue: noncurrent                                   1,840              1,290

Long-term debt                                                        23,452            17,760

Other noncurrent liabilities                                      10,260             5,680

Total liabilities                                                          70,530           45,890

Shareholders' Equity:

Common stock and additional paid-in capital,$0.00001

par value, 1,900,000 shares authorized; 929,430 & 916,130

shares issued & outstanding, respectively            13,490             10,810

Retained earnings                                                  63,200           37,320

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)    600                (-80)

Total shareholders' equity                                     77,290           48,050

Total liabilities & shareholders' equity              $147,820        $ 93,940

At September 29, 2012, total assets were $47,820 and total shareholders' equity was $31,800.

b) Working Capital is the excess of current assets over current liabilities.  It shows the amount of finance needed for meeting day-to-day operations of an entity.  Working capital measures a company's liquidity, operational efficiency, and its short-term financial health.  A healthy entity has some excess of current assets over current liabilities in order to continue to run the business operations in the short-run.  Working capital can also be measured in relative terms with the use of ratios, especially the current ratio and the acid-test ratio.

c) ROE means Return on equity.  It is a financial performance measure calculated by dividing net income by shareholders' equity.   Since shareholders' equity is equal to a company's assets minus its debt, ROE is considered as the return on net assets.  As with return on capital, a ROE measures management's ability to generate income from the equity available to it.

d) Return on Investment (ROI) is a financial performance measure which evaluates the efficiency of an investment or compares the efficiency of a number of different investments.  ROI tries to directly measure the amount of return on a particular investment, relative to the investment's cost.  As a financial metric, it measures the probability of gaining a return from an investment.