The common stock and debt of Northern Sludge are valued at $50 million and $30 million, respectively. Investors currently require a 16% return on the firm’s common stock and 8% on its debt. If Northern Sludge issues an additional $10 million of common stock and uses this money to retire (i. e., to pay back) debt, what is the expected return on its common stock? Assume first that the change in capital structure does not affect the risk of the debt. Suppose next that the change in capital structure decreased the risk of the debt. Would your previous answer then under- or overstate the effect on the expected return on the firm’s common stock? [Assume throughout that the MM assumptions hold (i. e., no taxes, no costs of financial distress)]

Assuming no direct factory overhead costs (i.e., inventory carry costs) and $3 million dollars in combined promotion and sales budget, the deft product manager wishes to achieve a product contribution margin of 35%. given their product currently is priced at $35.00, what would they need to limit the material and labor costs to?

At a student café, there are equal numbers of two types of customers with the following values. the café owner cannot distinguish between the two types of students because many students without early classes arrive early anyway (i.e., she cannot price-discriminate). students with early classes students without early classes coffee 70 60 banana 51 101 the marginal cost of coffee is 10 and the marginal cost of a banana is 40. the café owner is considering three pricing strategies: 1. mixed bundling: price bundle of coffee and a banana for 161, or just a coffee for 70. 2. price separately: offer coffee at 60, price a banana at 101. 3. bundle only: coffee and a banana for 121. do not offer goods separately. assume that if the price of an item or bundle is no more than exactly equal to a student's willingness to pay, then the student will purchase the item or bundle. for simplicity, assume there is just one student with an early class, and one student without an early class. price strategy revenue from pricing strategy cost from pricing strategy profit from pricing strategy 1. mixed bundling $ $ $ 2. price separately $ $ $ 3. bundle only $ $ $ pricing strategy yields the highest profit for the café owner.

Large public water and sewer companies often become monopolies because they benefit from although the company faces high start-up costs, the firm experiences average production costs as it expands and adds more customers. smaller competitors would experience average costs and would be less