Crowding out occurs when deficit spending increases interest rates. decreases interest rates. increases consumer spending. decreases consumer spending. increases investment spending.

increases interest rates

Explanation:

Crowding out occurs when an increase in the involvement of the government in a particular sector of the market economy affects the other sectors of the market.

An example is when an expensionary policy such as government spending leads to the rise in interest rates and which will also reduce the investment spending as investors won't like.to invest in such economy with high interest rates.

answer; bootstrapping is your answer;

muslims control the north africa during the period of 1500 up

to 1800. they made a barrier to prevent further european exploration from

entering the africa from the north. however, the dutch ware still able to move

toward the interior with having south africa as one of the routes leading to

the east for trading with asia.