1. Tourism involves hospitality as one of the most significant growing industry in the world. As data revealed, it contributes to a range of aspects such as economic, socio-cultural and
environmental merits to countries (WTTC 2014). The hospitality industry, at the same time, provides employment opportunities for both skilled and non-skilled individuals in the areas of
accommodation, food and beverage, transportation, attractions and events subsectors (WTTC
2009). This industry contributes heavily to labour and jobs. It provides a lot of opportunities
where employees are the main actors in the delivery of service. In this frame, employees have
direct contact with customers. They empowered community and industry to participate in
decision making. (Score: 30)
a. Bratton and Gold (2007: 451) elaborates a distinction between the terms “employee
participation and employee involvement”. Explain the both terms and give example based
on tourism industry background in Indonesia!
b. Lawler III (1986) outlines some pros and cons associated with employee participation. Participative management offers some advantages. Explain the advantages! Do you agree or
disagree? Why?
c. What are the negative impacts of employees’ participation in organizations?
d. What are the benefits of employees’ participation based on stakeholder’s views?