What is a partner by estoppel?

Legally binding partnership that may arise where, in fact, no formal partnership agreement is in effect. A person who by conduct or words represents, or allows him/herself to be represented, as a partner in a firm is liable for the credit or loans obtained by firm on the basis of such representation. Also called presumption of partnership.

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.

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