Permian Underground Machines & Pipes Co. (PUMP) is in the oil and gas equipment and services industry. It is considering a new oilfield services operation in the Permian Basin. This project would require an outlay of $50 million.

Suppose that PUMP hires Moody’s to assess the company’s credit quality if it were to issue the bonds. Moody’s advises PUMP that it would rate its bonds as Baa.

Managers at PUMP consider issuing a 10-year bond. Currently, the yield on a U. S. Treasury bond with about 10 years to maturity is 1.46%.

Estimate the required rate of return for the bond that PUMP managers are considering.

a. 1.46%
b. 3.86%
c. 5.40%
d. 8.95%
e. 1.93%

In 2018, laureen is currently single. she paid $2,800 of qualified tuition and related expenses for each of her twin daughters sheri and meri to attend state university as freshmen ($2,800 each for a total of $5,600). sheri and meri qualify as laureen’s dependents. laureen also paid $1,900 for her son ryan’s (also laureen’s dependent) tuition and related expenses to attend his junior year at state university. finally, laureen paid $1,200 for herself to attend seminars at a community college to her improve her job skills.what is the maximum amount of education credits laureen can claim for these expenditures in each of the following alternative scenarios? a. laureen's agi is $45,000.b. laureen’s agi is $95,000.c. laureen’s agi is $45,000 and laureen paid $12,000 (not $1,900) for ryan to attend graduate school (i.e, his fifth year, not his junior year).