The unity-of-command principle states that .

a) managers should oversee 1-4 employees on average
b) managers should limit their oversight to a maximum of 12 employees
c) managers should provide direction to their employees in a unified fashion
d) employees should report directly to two supervisors to maintain task balance
e) an individual should be directly responsible to only one supervisor

E, an individual should be directly responsible to only one supervisor.

Explanation:

The unity of command principle states that an individual is responsible to only one supervisor, the supervisor is responsible to only one supervisor as well. This continues through to the organization's hierarchy to the very top.

Unity of command principle is used in management by superiors to ensure that an incident management system is put in place.

An incident management system is one in which an employee makes a mistake and the mistake is immediately reported and traced. This is easier as a result of unity of command principle because that means that every individual is responsible for his or her action completely.

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