Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. Given the economy's MPS, a $15 billion reduction in taxes will reduce the equilibrium GDP by more than would a $15 billion increase in government spending.
B. Other things unchanged, a tax reduction of $10 billion will increase the equilibrium GDP by less than $25 billion when the MPS is 0.4.
C. If the MPC is 0.8 and GDP has declined by $40 billion, this was caused by a decline in aggregate expenditures of $8 billion.
D. A government surplus is anti-inflationary; a government deficit is expansionary.

Ajustification for job training programs is that they improve worker productivity. suppose that you are asked to evaluate whether more job training makes workers more productive. however, rather than having data on individual workers, you have access to data on manufacturing firms in ohio. in particu- lar, for each firm, you have information on hours of job training per worker (training) and number of nondefective items produced per worker hour (output). (i) carefully state the ceteris paribus thought experiment underlying this policy question. (ii) does it seem likely that a firm’s decision to train its workers will be independent of worker characteristics? what are some of those measurable and unmeasurable worker characteristics? (iii) name a factor other than worker characteristics that can affect worker productivity. (iv) if you find a positive correlation between output and training, would you have convincingly established that job training makes workers more productive? explain.

Is exploiting a distinctive competence or improving efficiency for competitive advantage. (a) cooptation (b) coalition (c) competitive intelligence (d) competitive aggression (e) smoothing

You wish to retire in 13 years, at which time you want to have accumulated enough money to receive an annual annuity of $23,000 for 18 years after retirement. during the period before retirement you can earn 9 percent annually, while after retirement you can earn 11 percent on your money. what annual contributions to the retirement fund will allow you to receive the $23,000 annuity? use appendix c and appendix d for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.