Aaron retired at the age of 63. The current balance in his Roth IRA is $140,000. Aaron established the Roth IRA eight years ago. Through a rollover and annual contributions, Aaron has contributed $70,000 to his account. If Aaron receives a $60,000 distribution from the Roth IRA, what amount of the distribution is taxable

Four key marketing decision variables are price (p), advertising (a), transportation (t), and product quality (q). consumer demand (d) is influenced by these variables. the simplest model for describing demand in terms of these variables is: d = k – pp + aa + tt + qq where k, p, a, t, and q are constants. discuss the assumptions of this model. specifically, how does each variable affect demand? how do the variables influence each other? what limitations might this model have? how can it be improved?