A few participles, such as concerning, considering, failing, and granting, function as prepositions and may be used to introduce a sentence without fear of dangling. Additionally, participial phrases, such as speaking of and judging by, may also work as introductory clauses without fear of dangling. Checkpoint Identify the sentences with dangling modifiers.

a. Leaving the airport, Henri’s Blackberry fell out of his pocket.
b. Speaking of change, I heard your company was looking for a new CEO.
c. Being unfamiliar with the procedure, my co-worker found it difficult to explain how to file an incident report.
d. I saw the new dye cast machine walking past the workshop.
e. While finalizing the Mattison job, Rene’s twins became ill.