You are designing a process for the assembly of a consumer electronics product, with a labor content of nine minutes. You are trying to determine whether to use a single machine-paced line with eight workers or eight separate single-worker cells. Each of the eight single-worker cells would perform exactly the same set of assembly tasks as the single line, using the same tools, technologies and equipment. On the assembly line, each worker would be assigned to a single task. Which approach would achieve higher machine utilization per unit produced

When cell phones were first entering the market, they were relatively large and reception was undependable. all cell phones were essentially the same. but as the technology developed, many competitors entered, introducing features unique to their phones. today, cell phones are only a small fraction of the size and weight of their predecessors. consumers can buy cell phones with color screens, cameras, internet access, daily planners, or voice activation (and any combination of these features). the history of the cell phone demonstrates what marketing trend?