Disk Replacement Services has just completed a procedure manual on how to handle employee grievances. One of the main directives is to make it clear to employees that rules will be administered fairly and consistently. This directive illustrates use of the approach.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of enterprise applications that cause challenges in implementation? a. they introduce "switching costs," making the firm dependent on the vendor. b. they cause integration difficulties as every vendor uses different data and processes. c. they are complex and time consuming to implement. d. they support "best practices" for each business process and function. e. they require sweeping changes to business processes to work with the software.