Supply, distribution, and licensing contractual agreements between firms, which result in vertical strategic alliances, are all examples of:
A. joint ventures.
B. equity alliances.
C. non-equity alliances.
D. cartel arrangements

(C) Non-equity alliances

Explanation:

  The non-equity alliances is one of the type of business strategy that is created when the two and more than two organizations or firms are signed a contract with each other and it is also known as the contract based relationship.

 The main objective of the Non-equity alliances is to share a common aim so that they can achieve their desirable goals by share their abilities and the resources together.

According to the given question, the licensing contract agreements between the different types of firms, distribution and  supply is all are the examples of Non- equity alliances.

 Therefore, Option (C) is correct answer.    

answer; (c) communism and socialism;