Congress allows self-employed taxpayers to deduct the cost of health insurance above the line (for AGI) because: a. employers are allowed to deduct Social Security (FICA) taxes as a business expense. b. self-employed taxpayers need an alternate mechanism for reducing the cost of health care. c. this deduction provides a measure of equity between employees and the self-employed. d. health insurance premiums cannot be deducted otherwise. e. None of the choices are correct.

Acustomer has come to your department with an urgent question. you promised her that you would collect information about her question and answer it by noon. it will take you at least 20 minutes to gather the information needed to provide an answer. it is now 11: 50 a.m. your supervisor just scheduled a 30-minute meeting to start at noon. this meeting is for all employees in your department. you decide to:

Which of the following pairs is most similar to each other? a. barter goods and fiat money b. digital money and barter goods c. fiat money and digital money d. commodity money and digital money

5. profit maximization and shutting down in the short run suppose that the market for polos is a competitive market. the following graph shows the daily cost curves of a firm operating in this market. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 price (dollars per polo) quantity (thousands of polos) mc atc avc for each price in the following table, calculate the firm's optimal quantity of units to produce, and determine the profit or loss if it produces at that quantity, using the data from the previous graph to identify its total variable cost. assume that if the firm is indifferent between producing and shutting down, it will produce. (hint: you can select the purple points [diamond symbols] on the previous graph to see precise information on average variable cost.) price quantity total revenue fixed cost variable cost profit (dollars per polo) (polos) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) 12.50 135,000 27.50 135,000 45.00 135,000 if the firm shuts down, it must incur its fixed costs (fc) in the short run. in this case, the firm's fixed cost is $135,000 per day. in other words, if it shuts down, the firm would suffer losses of $135,000 per day until its fixed costs end (such as the expiration of a building lease). this firm's shutdown price—that is, the price below which it is optimal for the firm to shut down—is per polo.