Ned, a college professor, owns a separate business (not real estate) in which he participates in the current year. He has one employee who works part-time in the business. a. If Ned participates for 600 hours and the employee participates for 2,000 hours during the year, Ned qualifies as a material participant. b. If Ned participates for 120 hours and the employee participates for 120 hours during the year, Ned does not qualify as a material participant. c. If Ned participates for 95 hours and the employee participates for 5 hours during the year, Ned probably does not qualify as material participant. d. If Ned participates for 500 hours and the employee participates for 520 hours during the year, Ned qualifies as material participant. e. None of these choices applies.

P8-4b dropping unfavorable division based on the following analysis of last year's operations of groves, inc., a financial vice president of the company believes that the firm's total net income could be increased by $160,000 if its design division were discontinued. (amounts are given in the thousands of dollars.) required provide answers for each of the following independent situations: a. assuming that total fixed costs and expenses would not be affected by discontinuing the design division, prepare an analysis showing why you agree or disagree with the vice president. b. assume that the discontinuance of the design division will enable the company to avoid 30% of the fixed portion of cost of services and 40% of the fixed operating expenses allocated to the design division. calculate the resulting effect on net income. c. assume that in addition to the cost avoidance in requirement (b), the capacity released by discontinuance of the design division can be used to provide 6,000 new services that would have a variable cost per service of $60 and would require additional fixed costs totaling $68,000. at what unit price must the new service be sold if groves is to increase its total net income by $180,000?