How can taxes be used by the government to encourage or discourage the use of a certain good or service?

According to herman, one of the differences of managing a nonprofit versus a for-profit corporation is

Afirm wants to strengthen its financial position. which of the following actions would increase its current ratio? a. reduce the company's days' sales outstanding to the industry average and use the resulting cash savings to purchase plant and equipment.b. use cash to repurchase some of the company's own stock.c. borrow using short-term debt and use the proceeds to repay debt that has a maturity of more than one year.d. issue new stock, then use some of the proceeds to purchase additional inventory and hold the remainder as cash.e. use cash to increase inventory holdings.

For the year ended december 31, 2019, davidson mart had sales of $ 550 comma 000 and cost of goods sold of $ 412 comma 500. davidson estimates that approximately 2% of the merchandise sold will be returned. the adjusting journal entry on december 31, 2019, would include a