Cooperating with competitors: a. reduces competition in the market. b. results in the creation of several new formats, thus intensifying format wars. c. creates confusion among customers and often leads them to delay their purchases. d. curbs network effects by discouraging complementary products. e. helps lower the entry barriers of the industry, thus allowing new entrants to bring in their own formats.

Dr. sperry, a biologist, is using excel to track growth rates of different populations of bacteria. she has a very complex formula in one cell. it begins with “round”. dr. sperry would like to see exactly how excel’s calculation reached the final rounded value that she sees in the cell. what could dr. sperry do to best understand how the calculation was made? try different formulas on her own until she reaches the value shown in excel click on the evaluate formula button in the formulas tab and then click “step in” select the cell and then look at the formula in the formula field of the ribbon remove “round” from the formula in order to see the actual value before rounding