Clark is the senior payroll clerk for Gonzalez Corporation. When preparing the weekly payroll, Clark added the name of Simmons, a fictitious employee, to the payroll list. Lewis, the treasurer of the corporation, signed the payroll checks and delivered them to Clark. Clark distributed checks to the correct employees and kept the one made payable to the order of Simmons. Clark indorsed the name of Simmons to the check, cashed it at Diamond Check Cashing. In this situation:
a. an indorsement was not necessary to negotiate the instrument.
b. the Gonzalez Corporation can seek recovery against Diamond Check Cashing.
c. the forged signature is given the same effect as though it had been authorized by the named payee.
d. Clark is not subject to civil or criminal liability.

5. profit maximization and shutting down in the short run suppose that the market for polos is a competitive market. the following graph shows the daily cost curves of a firm operating in this market. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 price (dollars per polo) quantity (thousands of polos) mc atc avc for each price in the following table, calculate the firm's optimal quantity of units to produce, and determine the profit or loss if it produces at that quantity, using the data from the previous graph to identify its total variable cost. assume that if the firm is indifferent between producing and shutting down, it will produce. (hint: you can select the purple points [diamond symbols] on the previous graph to see precise information on average variable cost.) price quantity total revenue fixed cost variable cost profit (dollars per polo) (polos) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) 12.50 135,000 27.50 135,000 45.00 135,000 if the firm shuts down, it must incur its fixed costs (fc) in the short run. in this case, the firm's fixed cost is $135,000 per day. in other words, if it shuts down, the firm would suffer losses of $135,000 per day until its fixed costs end (such as the expiration of a building lease). this firm's shutdown price—that is, the price below which it is optimal for the firm to shut down—is per polo.

Carlos hears juan and rita’s complaints about the new employees with whom they have to work with, as well as their threats to quit the company. if carlos were to reassign juan and rita to new, unique roles and separate them from the ronny and bill, it would signal that carlos has moved into the stage of managing resistance.

Corrective action must be taken for a project when (a) actual progress to the planned progress shows the progress is ahead of schedule. (b) the technical specifications have been met. (c) the actual cost of the activities is less than the funds received for the work completed. (d) the actual progress is less than the planned progress.