Hi Jennie, As you may know, Macy’s is in a battle with Abercrombie & Fitch for sales among 15- to 20-year-old female customers. We are relocating our Junior department to the basement of our store to give young people a separate entrance and a place to call their own. We want to beat Abercrombie & Fitch, and we’ll all need to work together to make that happen.

Thanks for your hard work. Together we can do this!

Best regards,
Jacob

(A) Do you think some kind of reward would be appropriate to motivate Emily? If so, what should it be?

1) $200 dollar bonus
2) A choice of Assignments
3) Two days off with pay

(B) Which of the following sentences should I use to increase Emily’s instrumentality?

1) Your attitude is critical in this effort- I know you can do it.
2) You will have to work hard to sell more.
3) For every 200 Macy's coupons you hand out, you will receive 25% off any item in the store.

(3) Which of the following sentences should I use to increase Emily’s expectancy?

1) If you are able to complete this transition before the scheduled completion date, you will receive a $500 bonus.
2) In the coming weeks, I will be relying on you to make decisions on how best to make this transition.
3) Your role will be more passive during this transition, allowing you to focus more on what needs to get done.

A 3) Two days off with pay

B. 3)For every 200 Macy's coupons you hand out, you will receive 25% off any item in the store.

3). 2) In the coming weeks, I will be relying on you to make decisions on how best to make this transition.

Explanation:

Expectancy theory has three components which are Valence, instrumentality and effort. Motivation at workplace is essential the above three examples is based on the expectancy theory and the employees are motivated based on the theory.

A. Emily is the employee who has put a lot of effort to complete the task at Macy's. She has helped the store in relocating and attending the young female customers to compete Abercrombie & Fitch. She has worked hard and requires two days off to put herself together. She also needs to be paid for two days for her hard work.

B. Instrumentality is the performance outcome through motivation. Here Emily should be given motivation to do more sales. The target based motivation would be effective and she would be motivated to handout more coupons to avail her discount at the store.

C. Expectancy is the perceived effort performance relationship. Giving Emily the power to make decisions gives her motivation to perform well.

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1. economic development

2. culture

3.technological development

4. education

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