A kidnapper takes a hostage and demands that the hostage pay ransom. They then play the following game in extensive form. The hostage may pay the ransom or not. Following that, the kidnapper may kill the hostage or release him. If the hostage is released, he may report the kidnapping to the police or not report it. The kidnapper has utility +5 for getting paid, -2 for having the kidnapping reported, and -1 for killing the hostage. These utilities are additive (for instance, getting paid but also reported is worth 5-2 = 3). Utilities for the hostage are -10 for getting killed, -2 for paying, +1 for reporting, and these are also additive.

Draw the game tree for this game, labeling choosers, choices and payoffs. Find the natural outcome of the game. [It should be the second worst outcome for both players.)

Suppose the hostage could make a convincing threat or promise. What should it be? What is the new outcome? Who benefits?

Suppose that after the hostage makes the convincing threat or promise in c), the kidnapper can make a threat or promise. What should it be? What is the new outcome? Who benefits?

If the hostage is not able to make a convincing threat or promise, but the kidnapper can, what should it be and what is the result?

Suggest some real-life ways that any or all of the above threats and promises might be made credible.

Selected information about income statement accounts for the reed company is presented below (the company's fiscal year ends on december 31): 2018 2017sales $ 4,400,000 $ 3,500,000cost of goods sold 2,860,000 2,000,000administrative expenses 800,000 675,000selling expenses 360,000 312,000interest revenue 150,000 140,000interest expense 200,000 200,000loss on sale of assets of discontinued component 50,000 —on july 1, 2018, the company adopted a plan to discontinue a division that qualifies as a component of an entity as defined by gaap. the assets of the component were sold on september 30, 2018, for $50,000 less than their book value. results of operations for the component (included in the above account balances) were as follows: 1/1/18-9/30/18 2017 sales $ 400,000 $ 500,000 cost of goods sold (290,000 ) (320,000 )administrative expenses (50,000 ) (40,000 )selling expenses (20,000 ) (30,000 )operating income before taxes $ 40,000 $ 110,000 in addition to the account balances above, several events occurred during 2018 that have not yet been reflected in the above accounts: a fire caused $50,000 in uninsured damages to the main office building. the fire was considered to be an infrequent but not unusual event.inventory that had cost $40,000 had become obsolete because a competitor introduced a better product. the inventory was sold as scrap for $5,000.income taxes have not yet been recorded.required: prepare a multiple-step income statement for the reed company for 2018, showing 2017 information in comparative format, including income taxes computed at 40% and eps disclosures assuming 300,000 shares of common stock. (amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign. round eps answers to 2 decimal places.)