Fixed selling expenses affect the calculation of on the contribution income statement. Fixed selling expenses do NOT affect the calculation of on the absorption income statement

B) operating income; gross margin

Explanation:

A selling expense is a cost incurred to promote and market products to customers. These costs can include anything from advertising campaigns and store displays to delivering goods to customers. Any expense that is associated with selling a good or making a sale is considered a selling expense.

Selling expenses include sales commissions, advertising, promotional materials distributed, rent of the sales showroom, rent of the sales offices, salaries and fringe benefits of sales personnel, utilities and telephone usage in the sales department, etc.

Fixed expenses or costs are those that do not fluctuate with changes in production level or sales volume. They include such expenses as rent, insurance, dues and subscriptions, equipment leases, payments on loans, depreciation, management salaries, and advertising.

answer; is usually (less than) the socially optimal level of consumption;