If nations such as Germany, Japan, and the United States prohibited international trade in automobiles, a likely effect would be that A. automobile producers in the U. S. would collude to produce a large number of cars. B. the excess of price over marginal cost would become less pronounced in the automobile market. C. the price effect would become a more significant consideration for each firm that makes automobiles. D. all countries would become better off.

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.